{"id":989,"date":"2013-08-08T18:06:59","date_gmt":"2013-08-08T15:06:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/?p=989"},"modified":"2013-09-16T15:53:21","modified_gmt":"2013-09-16T12:53:21","slug":"%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a8%d9%83%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a8%d9%83%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0633\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631, \u062a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0638\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644. \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0635\u064a\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0623\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0641\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0648\u062d)\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u062c\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0645\u064e\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0647\u062c\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u064e \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u062e\u0644\u0640\u0652\u0642\u0640\u064e\u0647\u064f<br \/>\n\u0641\u0642\u0640\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0651\u062d\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064d \u0648\u0642\u0640\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0651\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0652<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 (1897-1966\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064f \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a<br \/>\n\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a<br \/>\n\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064e\u0648\u0647\u0628\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0645<br \/>\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0650 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a<br \/>\n\u0641\u062d\u0633\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064f\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645\u064f<br \/>\n\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (1905-1999\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644\u064c \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064c<br \/>\n\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628<br \/>\n\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<br \/>\n\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628<br \/>\n\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a<br \/>\n\u0631\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0651 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0652 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a (1894-1937\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a<br \/>\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062f (1859-1911\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062c\u064f\u0628\u0646\u064a<br \/>\n\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0642\u0650<br \/>\n\u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u062a\u064f\u0647<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<br \/>\n\u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a (1863-1936\u0645):<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u062a\u064e \u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u064f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a<br \/>\n\u062d\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0649 \u0643\u0640\u0640\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 (1915-1976\u0645):<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a<br \/>\n\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639<br \/>\n\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064c<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u064e\u0632\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u064e\u0637\u0645\u0639<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0647\u0645 (1833-1881):<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a<br \/>\n\u0641\u0647\u0645\u064f \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a<br \/>\n\u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645<br \/>\n\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a (1860-1939\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647:\u062a\u0641\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064f \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064f\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0641\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646<br \/>\n\u0641\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0652 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0627<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a (1844-1916\u0645) \u0628\u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f<br \/>\n\u0623\u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a\u064f\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064e \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631<br \/>\n\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064c \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649<br \/>\n\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064c \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064f \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 (1859-1928\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062f\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627<br \/>\n\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631<br \/>\n\u0641\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064f \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064f \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u064f<br \/>\n\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0651\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u063a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0643\u064a (1880-1960\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 (\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629):<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064f \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064a<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0643\u064f\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0633\u064a<br \/>\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0630\u0627<br \/>\n\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064f \u0639\u0647\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633<br \/>\n\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064f \u0641\u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u064c<br \/>\n\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064f \u0641\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0644 (1915-1986\u0645) \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u064e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u064b<br \/>\n\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0650<br \/>\n\u0627\u063a\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0644\u0646\u0627<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0641\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0650<br \/>\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u064a\u0641\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0646\u0649 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064f\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b<br \/>\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064f \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0645\u0650<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 (1912-2011\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0630\u0644\u0647<br \/>\n\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627<br \/>\n\u0641\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b<br \/>\n\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627<br \/>\n\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629<br \/>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062c\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0627<br \/>\n\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0635\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0647<br \/>\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0622\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0645 (1862-1931\u0645) \u0628\u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u064e \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064d<br \/>\n\u0641\u062a\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064d \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631<br \/>\n\u0648\u0627\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0652 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064e \u0643\u0644\u0650\u0651 \u062d\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0638\u0652<br \/>\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641\u064a (1898-1977\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u00ab\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0645\u064f \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a\u064e \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0643\u064e \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b<br \/>\n\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0647\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645<br \/>\n\u0641\u0625\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u064c \u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0649<br \/>\n\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0645<br \/>\n\u0644\u0626\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u062a\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645 \u0644\u0630\u0629\u064b<br \/>\n\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u062a\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064a\u064e \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 (1890-1952\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00bb:<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u062f\u064f \u0631\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645\u064a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0642<br \/>\n\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u064e \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u064e\u0644\u0627\u0642<br \/>\n\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u063a\u064e\u0636\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064e\u062b\u0627\u0642<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0637\u0647 (1860-1907\u0645) \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064e\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a<br \/>\n\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u062a\u0652 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a<br \/>\n\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a<br \/>\n\u0647\u064e\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a (1920-1962\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u00bb:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0633\u064f\u0651 \u062f\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a<br \/>\n\u0648\u0648\u062e\u0632\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<br \/>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0633\u064f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f\u064a<br \/>\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u063a\u0641\u0648\u062a\u064f \u0648\u0635\u0628\u062d\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 (1892-1921\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u00bb \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b<br \/>\n\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<br \/>\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628\u064a<br \/>\n\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a<br \/>\n\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064e \u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0633\u062a\u0645 (1878 &#8211; 1969\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064f \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064d<br \/>\n\u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627<br \/>\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064f \u0625\u0630(\u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a) \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0627<br \/>\n\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a\u064f (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b) \u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f (\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \/ 1886-1941\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a\u064f \u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0650\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a<br \/>\n\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0650\u0651 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064d \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064f\u0651 \u0648\u0650\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a<br \/>\n\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u064f\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0642\u0650 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (1914-1977\u0645) \u0641\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0641\u0623\u0631\u0647\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a<br \/>\n\u0648\u0623\u062e\u0627\u0641\u064f \u0635\u064e\u0648\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u064e\u0646\u062a\u064e \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a<br \/>\n\u062d\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0646\u064a<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062a\u064e\u062e\u0650\u0630\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064a<br \/>\n\u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u0643\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0646\u0627<br \/>\n\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064f\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a (1890-1940\u0645) \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u064f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629\u064b<br \/>\n\u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u064f\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f<br \/>\n\u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0631\u064f \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064f\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0649<br \/>\n\u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0650\u062f\u0650\u0651<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 (1882-1939\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064f\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644<br \/>\n\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<br \/>\n\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627<br \/>\n\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064f \u0645\u064a\u062a\u064d \u064a\u064f\u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (1906-1967\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0642\u064e\u0646\u064a \u062d\u064f\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643<br \/>\n\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0638\u0651\u062a\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u0647\u062c\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<br \/>\n\u0628\u0639\u062b\u062a\u064f (\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a) \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064e \u0639\u0646\u064a<br \/>\n\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d\u064e \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 (\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a) \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<br \/>\n\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0634\u0629 (\u0646\u0648\u0631)<br \/>\n\u0623\u0646\u062a\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<br \/>\n\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0635\u064a\u062f\u062d (1893-1978\u0645) \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u062a\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0628\u0627<br \/>\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064f \u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641\u064e \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0649<br \/>\n\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u064e \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649<br \/>\n\u0631\u0623\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0628\u0649<br \/>\n\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0639\u062c\u0628\u064f \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0650\u0647\u0650<br \/>\n\u0639\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0638\u0644\u064d \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064d \u062e\u064e\u0628\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 1: 58).<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0640\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u064a<br \/>\n\u0628\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064f \u0645\u0646\u0640\u0650\u0651\u064a<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0631\u064f\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0640<br \/>\n\u0628\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a<br \/>\n\u0623\u062b\u0640\u064e\u0631\u064c \u0645\u0640\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u064d<br \/>\n\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064c \u064a\u0634\u0639\u064f\u0651 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f (1881-1950\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 (\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641) \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627 \u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u064f\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0650\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627<br \/>\n\u062b\u0645 \u0635\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0648 \u0639\u064f\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627<br \/>\n\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627 \u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621\u064f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627<br \/>\n\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0646\u0651 \u0644\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u064f\u0639\u0637\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0650\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a (1898-1973\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a):<\/p>\n<p>\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628<br \/>\n\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0652 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628<br \/>\n\u0648\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651 \u0630\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0628\u0627\u0621<br \/>\n\u0648\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064e \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641 (1869-1956\u0645):<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0631\u064f\u0651 \u062c\u0633\u0640\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0631\u064f\u0651 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<br \/>\n\u0628\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0641\u064f \u062d\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0630\u0650\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 (\u062a 1991) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u064a\u0651\u0647\u0640\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0640\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a<br \/>\n\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062a\u0651 \u062d\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a (1868-1932\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b<br \/>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0649<br \/>\n\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a<br \/>\n\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u0642\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a (1880-1937\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627<br \/>\n\u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<br \/>\n\u0644\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064f\u0651<br \/>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0642 (1940) \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0651\u0645\u062a\u0645<br \/>\n\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0644\u064f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a<br \/>\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064c \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0642\u062f<br \/>\n\u0632\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a (1863-1956\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u00ab\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1913:<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0628\u0650 \u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<br \/>\n\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064f\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0632\u0652\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627<br \/>\n\u0641\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064f\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u062d\u062a\u0652 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064f\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b<br \/>\n\u0631\u064f\u063a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0650\u0641\u0652\u0631 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 (1908-1992\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629\u064c<br \/>\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064f \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a<br \/>\n\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u062f\u064a\u062a\u064f \u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064f \u0628\u0647<br \/>\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u063a\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0650<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a (1901-1967) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0633\u064c \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0641\u0623\u0645\u0633\u0649<br \/>\n\u064a\u0635\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633\u064e \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0646<br \/>\n\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0631\u064f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647<br \/>\n\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064e\u062b\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (1903-1947\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0650 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0647<br \/>\n\u0641\u062f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0650 \u062e\u0645\u0631\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645<br \/>\n\u0631\u064f\u0628\u0651 \u062c\u0631\u062d \u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064e \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064d<br \/>\n\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062b\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646 (1905-1941\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628: \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0643\u064e \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0627<br \/>\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064c \u063a\u062f\u0631\u064f\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0649<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064f \u0643\u0646\u0652 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u063a\u062f\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650<br \/>\n\u0628\u0650\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0643\u064e \u062c\u0633\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0642\u0627<br \/>\n\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064c<br \/>\n\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064e\u064a\u0646\u064c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0627<br \/>\n\u0648\u0623\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0649 \u0634\u0642\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0647\u064f<br \/>\n\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0642\u0649 \u0634\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u0642\u0627<br \/>\n\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064f\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064f \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u062a\u0652<br \/>\n\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u0646\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0651\u0642\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0635\u064a\u062f\u062d (1893-1978\u0645) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1965:<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062a\u062a\u064e\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064d<br \/>\n\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064a\u0647\u064f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0636<br \/>\n\u0641\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0644\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u064e \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064d<br \/>\n\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a<br \/>\n\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b<br \/>\n\u064a\u0631\u0634\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064e \u0639\u0637\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636<br \/>\n\u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a: \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064c\u061f<br \/>\n\u0641\u0623\u0631\u062e: \u0637\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0628\u064f \u0630\u0650\u0643\u0631\u0650 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 (21-920-13-1011) \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1965 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a (1910-1974\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0651\u0629 \u0630\u0650\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0645<br \/>\n\u0648\u0630\u0650\u0643\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u064c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0652<br \/>\n\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0651\u0646\u0627<br \/>\n\u0628\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064d \u062a\u064f\u0624\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0652<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641\u064a (1898-1977\u0645) \u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0652 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0652<br \/>\n\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a<br \/>\n\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u064e\u0628\u062f\u064e\u0649<br \/>\n\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0631\u0637\u064e \u0627\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0632\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u062a\u0628 (\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f 125):<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0650\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0645<br \/>\n\u0645\u0644\u0643\u062a \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646<br \/>\n\u0623\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627<br \/>\n\u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646<br \/>\n\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064e \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0644\u064c<br \/>\n\u064a\u0624\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 (1876-1961\u0645) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f:<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064d<br \/>\n\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064f\u0647\u064f \u064a\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627<br \/>\n\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064f\u0647\u064f<br \/>\n\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064d \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0643 (1895-1959\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0628\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0651\u063a\u062a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b<br \/>\n\u064a\u0624\u062f\u0650\u0651 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646<br \/>\n\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f\u062a\u0652\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0651 \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0632\u064e\u0641\u062a<br \/>\n\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0633\u064e\u064a\u0631\u0650\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0652 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064e \u062c\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631(1917-1951\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u062a\u064f\u0651 \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064f<br \/>\n\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u064c \u064a\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631<br \/>\n\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0636\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0626\u0627\u0628\u064f<br \/>\n\u0641\u063a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0642\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0629 (1911-1996\u0645) \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647(\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0644):<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u0635\u0652\u062f\u064f\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064f \u062a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0646\u064a<br \/>\n\u0634\u0632\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0636\u062d\u0643\u064f \u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0642\u064f\u0644\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0643\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0628\u0627<br \/>\n\u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0642\u064f\u0646\u064a<br \/>\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0631\u0636\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642\u064f \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064e\u0636\u0650\u0628\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0628 1346\u0647\u0640 (\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a).<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0626\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a<br \/>\n\u0634\u0640\u064e\u0641\u0648\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064e\u0647\u0627<br \/>\n\u0648\u0623\u0633\u0643\u062a\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627<br \/>\n\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0651\u062f\u064f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0640\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0648\u0645\u064e\u0647\u0627<br \/>\n* * *<br \/>\n\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0640\u064e\u0651\u0631\u064e \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0645<br \/>\n\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0652<br \/>\n\u0648\u0634\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062f\u064e \u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0630\u0627\u0628<br \/>\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0652<br \/>\n\u00ab\u0641\u0638\u0650\u0644\u064f\u0651 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u00bb \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0628\u062b\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0640<br \/>\n\u0640\u062f\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0630\u0650\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0640\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0641\u064f\u0651 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<br \/>\n\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0626\u0644\u064e \u0633\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064d \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0642\u0640\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u064d\u0651<br \/>\n\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0640\u0652\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0650\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064f\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0652&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0633\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c &hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/989"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=989"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/989\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5913,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/989\/revisions\/5913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=989"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=989"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=989"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}