{"id":27687,"date":"2015-11-08T00:49:10","date_gmt":"2015-11-07T21:49:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/?p=27687"},"modified":"2015-11-08T06:28:12","modified_gmt":"2015-11-08T03:28:12","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%83%d9%86%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%b0%d9%88-%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%83%d9%86%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%b0%d9%88-%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0630\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/technology-corporate-cover-art.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-27691\" src=\"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/technology-corporate-cover-art-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"technology corporate cover art\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/technology-corporate-cover-art-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/technology-corporate-cover-art.jpg 860w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0643.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u00ab\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u00bb (Future Crimes Institute): \u00ab\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0647\u0648\u064e \u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0643\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u00bb. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u064f\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0630\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 (\u0628)<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"box-styleL\" style=\"width: 40%;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0646..<\/div>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 (\u0628)\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0633). \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 (\u0628)\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/3d-printerblue-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-27688\" src=\"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/3d-printerblue-1-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"3d printerblue-1\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/3d-printerblue-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/3d-printerblue-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/3d-printerblue-1.jpg 860w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0647\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062c\u0651\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0651\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1920\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 38 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628 143 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1924\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u00ab\u062a\u0648\u0631\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0637\u064f\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u00ab\u062a\u0648\u0631\u00bb (The Onion Router) \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2002\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f. \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u062a\u0648\u0631\u00bb \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 (whistleblowers). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2004 \u06482005\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u00ab\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0631\u00bb \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u00ab\u062a\u0648\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 (Knight). \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649: \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (Silk Road online marketplace)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0641\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u00ab\u0625\u0641 \u0628\u064a \u0622\u064a\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2013\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u00ab\u062a\u0648\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/railroadblue-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-27690 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/railroadblue-1-58x300.jpg\" alt=\"railroadblue-1\" width=\"58\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/railroadblue-1-58x300.jpg 58w, https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/railroadblue-1.jpg 167w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 58px) 100vw, 58px\" \/><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0629 1884\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (Tabulating Machine). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0650\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1890\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (Tabulating Machine Company) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f: \u0622\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0625\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1930\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u00ab\u0622\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0625\u0645\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0650\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0650\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0651\u064e\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0643: \u0622\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0625\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<div class=\"box-styleR\" style=\"width: 40%;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u00ab\u063a\u0648\u063a\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u062b\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621..<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u00ab\u063a\u0648\u063a\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u062b\u00bb<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u00ab\u063a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2008\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u063a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u00bb \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u064f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u063a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u00ab\u063a\u0648\u063a\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u062b\u00bb \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0650\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/google-earth.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-27689\" src=\"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/google-earth-300x178.jpg\" alt=\"google earth\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/google-earth-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/google-earth.jpg 860w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u00bb\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f 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&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27687"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27687"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27687\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27801,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27687\/revisions\/27801"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}