{"id":26032,"date":"2015-04-22T02:44:36","date_gmt":"2015-04-21T23:44:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/?p=26032"},"modified":"2015-04-22T02:44:36","modified_gmt":"2015-04-21T23:44:36","slug":"%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%b2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"1999.508.0046\"<\/a>\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632\u00bb. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u063a\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632\u00bb. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640 (\u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632)\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 (1857-1894\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f -\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u061f \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647:
\n\"hertz\"<\/a>
\n\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u00ab\u0635\u0641\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629\u00bb. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0649 1 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 100 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u063a\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 1886 \u06481889\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0632\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1960\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 (\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632\u00bb. \u0643\u0645\u0627 …","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[80],"tags":[],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26032"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26032"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26032\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26035,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26032\/revisions\/26035"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.qafilah.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}